How Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are Influenced by the...

How Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are Influenced by the Supernatural in Macbeth by William Shakespeare In Shakespeare’s time witches were believed to have many powers. They were believed to talk to the devil, the dead and evil spirits. They were believed to predict the future (act 1. Scene 1 – ‘When shall we three meet again in thunder lightning or in rain?’) and change the weather. People thought they could fly throuhg air and make themselves invisible at will. People also thought they could kill or make them fall ill at a distance. Many witches were killed in Scotland between 1590 and 1680, more than 4400 women were executed. Most were accused of worshipping the devil in a church at night, flying†¦show more content†¦When macbeth meets the Witches he is fascinated by them and blinded by his ambition, they tell him he will be Thane of Cowdor and the King of Scotland. In Act 1 Scene 3 Macbeth wants to believe the witches (‘look how our partner’s wrapt’) this is because the witches are telling Macbeth things he likes to hear, that he will become the king of Scotland while Banquo is more suspicious (‘Things that do sound so fair’) because he knows that the witches are evil and he thinks they are saying evil, untrue things. Macbeths then wants to question them but the witches vanish, Macbeth remains fixed and amazed and his ambition makes him believe what the witches say. Macbeth then writes a letter to Lady macbeth telling her what happened, From the moment Lady Macbeth receives the letter from Macbeth she begins to plan the murder of king Duncan. She paints Macbeth as a weak man (act 1 scene 5 ‘’too full o’ the milk of human kindness’) and she resolves to persuade Macbeth to do it and asks for the strength from the devil, and the evil to commit the murder (act 1 scene 5 ‘come thee spirits’). We see that Macbeth is powefully influenced by the evil in his speeches, in act 1 scene 7 when he is thinking out loud in his monologue. We will proceed no further in this business represents a triumph of conscience. He has talked himself away fromShow MoreRelatedMacbeth Literary Essay : Fair Is Foul And Foul Is Fair1297 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Literary Essay: â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair† In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the characters are often mislead by the impression of reality. The quote â€Å"fair is foul and foul is fair† (Shakespeare 1.1.12), is said by the three witches. This quote is very significant, as it is an elaborate theme throughout the play. Also, the word fair means good, and foul means evil. Fair is foul and foul is fair is a theme that demonstrates how appearances often differs from reality. ThisRead MoreImportance Of Shakespeare s Macbeth 1519 Words   |  7 Pages Importance of the Witches in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Throughout all of history, witches are known for practicing magic and creating prophecies to predict any future. In any scene involving witches, it is important to know their role in the play, whether they change the outcome of the play or simply influenced it, and the supernatural features the play comes along with in its time. In No Fear Shakespeare Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the play starts out with the three witchesRead MoreThe Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth by William Shakespeare983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth by William Shakespeare In this essay I am going to explore the use of the supernatural in the play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare. This is going to be done by showing how much power the supernatural elements had and how it influenced peoples mind. The supernatural elements are the use of the witches, the dagger, Banquos ghost and the apparitions in the play. Firstly, the use of the witches in the play is a key elementRead MoreThe Horror Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1409 Words   |  6 Pagesall over the body. In the modern day, fascination with ghost and the supernatural is becoming a thing. More and more people produce horror films with unique plotlines and crazy ideas. Although the superstitions and beliefs of the old century still lives, the horror of today is not the same as the horror of yesterday, such as Shakespeare’s abominable works. Macbeth is a dark and horror play written by the great William Shakespeare in the 1600s. Like any other of his plays, it has also gained a crowdRead MoreThe Importance of the Supernatural in Macbeth by William Shakespeare2937 Words   |  12 PagesImportance of the Supernatural in Macbeth by William Shakespeare The supernatural is to play an essential part in the play Macbeth; this is made clear from the first paragraph of the play, when the three witches are introduced. It is represented in many different forms, mainly: the witches, the dagger and the ghost of Banquo. Shakespeares use of imagery and creative language in the play creates tension, fear and clearly displays the importance of the supernatural theme. Read MoreDivine Power In Macbeth Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth, an ironic tragedy of the 17th century, is perhaps one of the most appraised works by renowned playwright William Shakespeare. Such fame, though, can be justified through the play’s effective utilization of themes and their evocative subtext; however, Shakespeare particularly focusses on the theme of power and has done so with intent. Macbeth visualises power in two forms, being that of divine and supernatural. The play forms a representation that, alike with the socio-cultural beliefs ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tragedy Of Macbeth1207 Words   |  5 Pages The ‘Tragedy of Macbeth’ (also known as ‘Macbeth’) is a play written by William Shakespeare and it was first performed in 1606. This play presents plenty of themes through the action and dialogue throughout the play. Although the play is universally and most commonly referred to as the dark tragedy presented by Shakespeare. The most common themes that were introduced to the audience tend to be femininity versus masculinity, pride and honor, the role of supernatural, temptation and evil and a lotRead MoreThe Downside of Ambition Explored in Macbeth 1245 Words   |  5 Pages Macbeth is a play written by Shakespeare that is set in eleventh century Scotland. It details the life of the Macbeth, a brave and noble man who is described as ‘Bellona’s bridegroom’ (1.3.54), specifically the events after he meets three supernatural creatures who tell him about his fate. The reader should see Macbeth as a great man whose ambition for security leads to his downfall. Ambitions and manipulation from his wife cause him to commit Duncan’s murder, but this particular murder does notRead MoreMacbeth (Witches Effect) Essays1124 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: How important are the witches to Macbeth? Discuss the effects of the witches on character, plot, themes and audience. In the play of ‘Macbeth by William Shakespeare the witches have an important effect on Macbeth, the characters, the plot, the theme and the audience. They help construct the play and without them it would have been a totally different story line. The three weird sisters influence Macbeth in his acts, they effect characters lives, orientate the plot, they are related toRead MoreMacbeth As A Tyrant Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Downfall of a Tyrant Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606, during the reign of James I, who was James IV of Scotland before he became the King of England. James I, was a sponsor of Shakespeare’s theatre, so it is clear that Shakespeare’s work was affected by James I’s sensitivities. Murder and intrigue was a part of the Scottish Reign when James was growing, and in fact, James’s father was murdered when he was just a baby. Macbeth tells the story of a Scottish general who, through prophecies received

Emilee Longo Resume Free Essays

Instructor or Administrator. I provide client services to the children’s parents addressing various needs and concerns. I follow-up with the client (parents) on all instances that occur and document them accordingly via data entry through the use of the company system. We will write a custom essay sample on Emilee Longo Resume or any similar topic only for you Order Now Handle the communications of the company on occasion in the role of a Telephone Representative and handled many calls on the days I was on phone duty. Personal Care Representative / Nursing Assistant February 2003 to July 2006 King Nursing Home – King, WI provided in-home personal care services to clients I was assigned by management. I addressed my clients needs and provided speedy acceptable resolutions. I documented all instances and correspondences via data entry through company system. I assisted special needs clients that could not take care certain functions on there own. Answered several phone providing resolutions for there needs while followed up with other calls that took additional details and investigation. How to cite Emilee Longo Resume, Papers

Ict Related Ethical Dilemma Cyber Crime-Case Study

Question: Discuss about theIct Related Ethical Dilemma Cyber Crime. Answer: Introduction In todays advanced technological era, ethical dilemma has become a major subject of concern for the business organizations. An ethical dilemma is a critical situation where people choose either a moral or an immoral act to perform. This research essay would also be useful to represent a case of ethical dilemma that is related to the ICT (Information and communication Technology). Moreover, this research essay would be helpful to present most awful ICT related issue that is theft of secret encryption keys from Android and iOS phones. ICT-Related Ethical Dilemma This research essay is based on a media article that mainly focuses on ICT related ethical issues. According to the media article, the ethical dilemma took place on iOS platform of Apple Inc. This media article was published on March 4, 2016. Along with this, the report of this ethical dilemma was covered by Mr. Mohit Kumar (the Cyber Security Analyst and Information Security Researcher). As per the report, the security researchers team (Tel Aviv University, Technion and The University of Adelaide) has created a plan to steal cryptographic keys that are used by the organization to protect Apple Pay accounts, Bitcoin wallets, and other sensitive services of Android and iOS devices (Kumar, 2016). According to the researchers, during the hacking of secret encryption keys, the hackers placed a magnetic probe close to an iPhone at what time the phone executes cryptographic operations. In this way, the theft of secret encryption keys from Android and iOS phones is a major ethical issue tha t is related to ICT (Information and communication Technology). According to the DET (Doing Ethics Technique), data hacking is major ethical issue that is related to ICT. DET is a process that plays a significant role in order to investigate ethical issues in a particular scenario. On the basis of the selected media article, it is observed that the hackers take help of Side-Channel Attack to steal data in an appropriate way. For case, with the help of Side-Channel Attack, the hackers probe the pattern of memory utilization that is produced during the decryption process (Ghosh, 2016). Moreover, they also investigate the electromagnetic outputs of the device in order to take out the secret crypto key from a system. In this way, data hacking has become a major ethical issue on the platforms of Android and iOS phones. Ethical Theories to Analysis an Ethical Dilemma Situation An ethical dilemma is dangerous for the success and growth of a business organization. Along with this, business organizations may take help of ethical theories to determine the rightness or wrongness of actions/decisions made in a particular case. For case, utilitarianism, and deontology are the two important classical ethical theories that are useful to resolve a situation of ethical dilemma in an effective way (Dwell, 2013). These ethical theories are described as below: Utilitarianism Theory: Utilitarianism is an important classical ethical theory. The major objective of utilitarianism theory is to create the most amount of happiness to the utmost number of people (MacKinnon and Fiala, 2014). According to this theory, the ethical things of an organization must be to the happiness of the people and society. The business organizations must focus on the happiness of the people to perform the ethical thing/activities. In the context of given case, the things performed by the hacking firms are only for the fulfillment of their personal goals. They hack the sensitive data and personal information of the people that is totally unethical activity. The data hacking is dangerous to all over the nation. People provide their confidential information to telecommunication firms. The firms are fully liable to protect their data and information. But, hackers are doing wrong and misusing the data and information of the people (Shaw, 2016). In this way, as per the utilitarianism theory, th is case is related to the trouble of people. The actions/decisions that are related to the theft of encryption keys are totally wrong and unethical. Deontology Theory: Deontology theory is also a major ethical theory that focuses on the idealistic customs of Kant. According to this theory, the activities performed by the people must be right. Moreover, the means or sources used to perform these activities must be fair. The business organizations must implements moral standards in order to perform business activities in an ethical way (Smith, 2008). Along with this, in the context of the given scenario, people did not perform ethical activities. They did not use decent sources to perform the business activities. For case, the case is related to the data hacking and hacking is not an ethical activity. In addition to this, the hackers are stealing secret encryption keys of Android and iOS and that is totally unethical or immoral activity performed by the hackers (Hayden, 2014). In this way, it can be said that, the case is a case of ethical dilemma and the actions performed by hackers are inappropriate or unethical. Conclusions/Recommendations On the basis of above discussion, it can be assumed that, nowadays, the business firms that are related to the advanced technologies mostly facing the situation of ethical dilemmas. The hackers are creating the questionable situation in front of the organizations. Along with this, it is also observed that, theft of secret encryptions keys is an unethical activity performed by the hackers. For that reason, it is recommended that, the business firms must adopt and implement strict and unbreakable policies to protect the data and information of the organization (Engebretson, 2013). Moreover, the business firms should hire experts who can work for the protection of the organization. In addition, the chief of the firm should not provide important and secure passwords or keys to the members of the organization. The chief of the firm should give instructions to the employees that they should work to protect the confidentiality of the organization. They must take care that the situation of a n ethical dilemma should not be happen within the organization (Kahate, 2013). In this way, by focusing on the protection of the privacy of business firm, the business firms would be able to perform all the business activities in an ethical manner. References Dwell, M. (2013). Bioethics: Methods, Theories, Domains. NY: Routledge. Engebretson, P. (2013). The basics of hacking and penetration testing: ethical hacking and penetration testing made easy. USA: Elsevier. Ghosh, A. (2016). Android and iOS phones under threat as secret crypto keys can be stolen for Bitcoin Wallets and Apple Pay. Retrieved From: https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/android-ios-phones-under-threat-secret-crypto-keys-can-be-stolen-bitcoin-wallets-apple-pay-1547538 Hayden, E. C. (2014). Ethical dilemma for Ebola trials. Nature, 515(7526), 177-8. Kahate, A. (2013). Cryptography and network security. Australia: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Kumar, M. (2016). How to Steal Secret Encryption Keys from Android and iOS SmartPhones. Retrieved From: https://thehackernews.com/2016/03/encryption-keys-android.html MacKinnon, B. and Fiala, A. (2014). Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues. USA: Cengage Learning. Shaw, W.H. (2016). Utilitarianism and the Ethics of War. NY: Routledge. Smith, J.D. (2008). Normative Theory and Business Ethics. Australia: Rowman Littlefield Publishers.

Parts of Computer Essay Example

Parts of Computer Essay If you use a desktop computer, you might already know that there isnt any single part called the computer. A computer is really a system of many parts working together. The physical parts, which you can see and touch, are collectively called hardware. (Software, on the other hand, refers to the instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what to do. ) The illustration below shows the most common hardware in a desktop computer system. Your system may look a little different, but it probably has most of these parts. A laptop computer has similar parts but combines them into a single notebook-sized package. Picture of a desktop computer systemDesktop computer system Lets take a look at each of these parts. System unit The system unit is the core of a computer system. Usually its a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk. Inside this box are many electronic components that process information. The most important of these components is the central processing unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the brain of your computer. Another component is random access memory (RAM), which temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is on. The information stored in RAM is erased when the computer is turned off. Almost every other part of your computer connects to the system unit using cables. The cables plug into specific ports (openings), typically on the back of the system unit. Hardware that is not part of the system unit is sometimes called a peripheral device or device. Picture of a system unitSystem unit Top of page Storage Your computer has one or more disk drives—devices that store information on a metal or plastic disk. The disk preserves the information even when your computer is turned off. We will write a custom essay sample on Parts of Computer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Parts of Computer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Parts of Computer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hard disk drive Your computers hard disk drive stores information on a hard disk, a rigid platter or stack of platters with a magnetic surface. Because hard disks can hold massive amounts of information, they usually serve as your computers primary means of storage, holding almost all of your programs and files. The hard disk drive is normally located inside the system unit. Picture of a hard disk driveHard disk drive CD and DVD drives Nearly all computers today come equipped with a CD or DVD drive, usually located on the front of the system unit. CD drives use lasers to read (retrieve) data from a CD, and many CD drives can also write (record) data onto CDs. If you have a recordable disk drive, you can store copies of your files on blank CDs. You can also use a CD drive to play music CDs on your computer. Picture of a CDCD DVD drives can do everything that CD drives can, plus read DVDs. If you have a DVD drive, you can watch movies on your computer. Many DVD drives can record data onto blank DVDs. Tip Tip If you have a recordable CD or DVD drive, periodically back up (copy) your important files to CDs or DVDs. That way, if your hard disk ever fails, you wont lose your data. Floppy disk drive Floppy disk drives store information on floppy disks, also called floppies or diskettes. Compared to CDs and DVDs, floppy disks can store only a small amount of data. They also retrieve information more slowly and are more prone to damage. For these reasons, floppy disk drives are less popular than they used to be, although some computers still include them. Picture of a floppy diskFloppy disk Why are floppy disks floppy? Even though the outside is made of hard plastic, thats just the sleeve. The disk inside is made of a thin, flexible vinyl material. Top of page Mouse A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your computer screen. Although mice come in many shapes, the typical mouse does look a bit like an actual mouse. Its small, oblong, and connected to the system unit by a long wire that resembles a tail. Some newer mice are wireless. Picture of a computer mouseMouse A mouse usually has two buttons: a primary button (usually the left button) and a secondary button. Many mice also have a wheel between the two buttons, which allows you to scroll smoothly through screens of information. Picture of mouse pointers When you move the mouse with your hand, a pointer on your screen moves in the same direction. (The pointers appearance might change depending on where its positioned on your screen. ) When you want to select an item, you point to the item and then click (press and release) the primary button. Pointing and clicking with your mouse is the main way to interact with your computer. For more information, see Using your mouse. Top of page Keyboard A keyboard is used mainly for typing text into your computer. Like the keyboard on a typewriter, it has keys for letters and numbers, but it also has special keys: The function keys, found on the top row, perform different functions depending on where they are used. * The numeric keypad, located on the right side of most keyboards, allows you to enter numbers quickly. * The navigation keys, such as the arrow keys, allow you to move your position within a document or webpage. Picture of a keyboardKeyboard You can also use your keyboard to perform m any of the same tasks you can perform with a mouse. For more information, see Using your keyboard. Top of page Monitor A monitor displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen. Like a television screen, a computer screen can show still or moving pictures. There are two basic types of monitors: CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors and LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors. Both types produce sharp images, but LCD monitors have the advantage of being much thinner and lighter. CRT monitors, however, are generally more affordable. Picture of an LCD monitor and a CRT monitorLCD monitor (left); CRT monitor (right) Top of page Printer A printer transfers data from a computer onto paper. You dont need a printer to use your computer, but having one allows you to print e? mail, cards, invitations, announcements, and other materials. Many people also like being able to print their own photos at home. The two main types of printers are inkjet printers and laser printers. Inkjet printers are the most popular printers for the home. They can print in black and white or in full color and can produce high-quality photographs when used with special paper. Laser printers are faster and generally better able to handle heavy use. Picture of an inkjet printer and a laser printerInkjet printer (left); laser printer (right) Top of page Speakers Speakers are used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer. Picture of computer speakersComputer speakers Top of page Modem To connect your computer to the Internet, you need a modem. A modem is a device that sends and receives computer information over a telephone line or high-speed cable. Modems are sometimes built into the system unit, but higher-speed modems are usually separate components. Picture of a cable modemCable modem

Self-Editing How to Self-Edit a Book With Specific Strategies for Success

Self-Editing How to Self-Edit a Book With Specific Strategies for Success Self-Editing: How to Self-Edit a Book With Specific Strategies for Success So you’ve finished your book†¦ now what? Self-editing is what. Now its time to learn how to self-edit it- and properly.Finishing the first draft of a book is a tremendous accomplishment that’s certainly worth celebrating. But it doesn’t get any easier from here.The next step is one of the most tedious and important aspects of publishing a book- self-editing.Sure, almost all self-published authors will hire an editor in some capacity. Before that step, you do have to edit the book yourself and only yourself (unless you use Scrivener footnotes editor or other editing tools, that is).Heres our guide to self-editing your novel: Understand the need for self-editingDifference between revising and editingHow to develop a self-editing planStart the self-edit processDifferent types of verbal read-throughsDiscover your self-editing styleEdit one chapter at a timeStart self-editing TODAYAt the very least, every author will receive feedback from multiple readers before the launch date, but self-editing is key because eliminating obvious errors and minimizing mistakes in the manuscript will give hired editors and beta readers a greater opportunity to provide corrections on the things you missed.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWhy do we need to self-edit our books?After completing a rough draft, it’s very tempting to immediately hire an editor and hand over your manuscript. But no writer can state their rough draft is the very best of their work.And after all, the better the draft you submit to an editor, the better final product.An editor will surely help improve a manuscript, but before placing that rough draft in an editor’s hands, each writer should be able to answer yes to the question:â€Å"Did I make this manuscript as strong and as good as I could have?†There’s no way the answe r to that question is yes after only writing the rough draft. Take pride in your work and make sure it’s your best before someone else reads it.Before beginning the self-editing phase, there are three important things to keep in mind:The Difference between editing and revisingSelf-editing requires patience because it takes timeDevise an editor plan for after the self-editing phase prior to startingThe Difference Between Editing and RevisingEditing and Revising sound very similar, but knowing the subtle differences can make self-editing a lot easier.Throughout my career, I’ve engaged in a lot of different writing styles. Depending on the outlet and audience, writing style may differ, but one constant is all writing needs edited and revised in some capacity.Of course, one of the most essential parts of the self-editing phase is knowing the difference between editing and revising. I’ll lay out the subtle difference and explain how to achieve both in order to turn y our rough draft into a sparkling text for your editor.Editing and Revising definitions according to the Merriam-Webster DictionaryEditing to prepare for publication or public presentation; to alter, adapt, or refine especially to bring about conformity to a standard or to suit a particular purpose.Revising to look over again in order to correct or improve; to make a new, amended, improved, or up-to-date version of On the surface, they sound exactly the same. To be fair, editing and revising are similar, but not exactly the same thing.In a basic nutshell, editing is fixing basic errors like capitalization, punctuation and spelling. Revising is the act of improving specific writing such as sentence structure, chapter structure and word choice.A good self-edit will include both edits and revisions to a manuscript.Develop Your Self-Edit PlanBefore getting started with self-editing, though, keep in mind that Self-Publishing School advises not to wait, but to reach out and/or hire an ed itor after you finish your manuscript. Performing that task upon completing the rough draft will allow the author to hand over their manuscript right after finishing the self-editing phase. Editors are often booked two weeks in advance. Waiting to reach out to editors until after the self-edit could mean there’s no movement on your book for at least a couple weeks.Now you’re ready to begin.How to Start Self-EditingThe self-editing phase will include re-reading your book at least three times. Self-Publishing School calls them verbal read-throughs. With each one, you will be looking to address different aspects of your writing.In the self-edit of my own first book, I devised three different types of read-throughs.The three different types of verbal read-throughs in self-editing:Reading for structureReading for readabilityReading for grammar and word choiceEach read-through during self-editing should be done out loud.Verbal Read-Throughs for Self-EditingSelf-Publishing Sc hool teaches to read your manuscript out loud to yourself. I couldn’t agree more. It may seem a little silly, but it’s much easier to find errors while reading the entire book out loud than silently.Find a quiet spot alone so you can read out loud.Following my three different types of read-throughs and reading them out loud will enable you to make your book as good as you can.#1 Read for StructureRemember that great mind map and book outline you constructed before even beginning to write the rough draft? It’s time to break those back out.As you begin to re-read your manuscript chapter-by-chapter, follow along with your outline as well. This will allow you to make sure every detail is in the right place and nothing is missing.This is how you can structure your self-edits for chapters:Those chapters on your outline and in your book should all have a clear and concise topic. In some ways, one could think of the individual chapters as their own little books. Each o ne connects to the others, but they can also stand alone.Double checking chapter structure is the first real key to self-editing. One personal example of how revising chapter structure helped my book:In my own rough draft, the first chapter of my book, His World Never Dies: The Evolution of James Bond, explored the popularity of the Bond film series and how the series’ portrayal of masculinity has changed over the years.When I devised my outline, it seemed natural that these two topics were tied together since Bond’s masculinity is why so many men and women have enjoyed the series over the last six decades.But I had two problems: the chapter was more than 4,500 words while the other nine chapters in my book were all around 3,000. Even worse, the first chapter bounced between these two ideas that I thought were connected- Bond’s popularity and masculinity.Upon my read-through, the chapter felt clunky and long. If readers shared the same sentiment, they might not continue to read the rest of the book.In self-editing, make sure each chapter has one clear and concise topic.Revisions were needed. It took a lot of work, but I divided the first chapter into two one that focused on the series’ popularity and the other on Bond’s masculinity. After I made this decision, I read through the entire chapter again, picking out which paragraphs applied to which specific topic.Following that step, the two new chapters were too short, which meant both needed more words. I had more writing to do.But by dividing the chapter, rearranging the paragraphs and adding more details, I had made some very strong revisions.I now possessed two chapters that started my book on the right track with each chapter standing alone and focused on one topic.This is how to go through self-editing for sentence structure transitions:Double checking sentence structure is the second important part of step one in self-editing.How each book idea flows to the next is th e second aspect to consider during the â€Å"structure† read-through. The use of transition words and phrases- next, then, furthermore, on the other hand, etc.- can be very helpful to achieve this.But the same concepts to ensuring chapter structure should be applied to sentence structure. Make sure to complete your entire thought on one subject before jumping to the next whether from chapter to chapter or inside a chapter.Proper transitions and book flow will allow readers to keep going naturally. It could prevent them from ever putting it down!#2 Read for ReadabilityIt’s very likely that you know your book topic better than anyone who reads your book. That’s especially true if you are writing a memoir, but that will likely also be the case with a self-help book or non-fiction commentary on something such as the James Bond film series.After double checking the structure of your book, the second read-through should ensure every chapter, every paragraph, every se ntence and even every word makes sense.Ask yourself these questions when editing for vague details or over-explained thoughts:Did I gloss over any details that a beginner to my topic might not know?Did I forget a vital detail to a personal story in my memoir?Does it feel like I’m bogging down my reader with unnecessary details not important to my overall point?Keep these questions in mind during the second read-through of the self-editing stage.In the second read-through, place yourself in the mind of your reader.For my book, I needed to ensure every scene of a Bond film I explain was properly detailed to my audience. I have seen the Bond movies dozens of times, but not every reader will have, so it was important to make sure even readers who haven’t seen the films can understand what’s going on in a particular scene.Heres how to self-edit awkward phrasing:In this step, authors should also be able to find awkward phrasing. This is the biggest reason why we advis e reading your manuscript out loud. Sentences that don’t make sense or that need to be reworded will stick out when spoken in voice rather than read silently.#3 Read for Grammar and Word ChoiceAs you may have guessed, the first two read-through steps are making revisions to your manuscript. In this last step, authors will be performing both edits and revisions.Once you’ve nailed down your book’s structure and readability, you’re now ready to double check grammar, spelling, capitalization and punctuation.It’s important to leave grammar until the last step of the self-editing phase. Otherwise, you will need to repeat this step after revisions are complete.Double checking word choice was vitally important in my own self-editing. I tend to repeat the same words without even realizing. In my first rough draft, I had the same transition word used multiple times on the same page or the same verb or adjective deployed on numerous occasions in the same cha pter. Get out a thesaurus and utilize different words where applicable- just be sure these words actually make sense (as we all know thesauruses cant always be trusted). This doesn’t mean change every noun to a fancier word in attempt to sound smart. Nobody likes a smart ass. But avoiding repeated words while expanding your vocabulary in a colloquial way is the last step in self-editing.Other tips for self-edit read-throughs:Find a style that worksTry re-reading only a chapter at a time the whole book togetherAgain, read the manuscript out loudThat’s the end of the actually steps needed to complete the self-editing phase, but there’s more to it than just simply reading through the manuscript and making alterations.Find a Self-Edit Style That Works for YOUAre you more of a paper and pen person or do you love using track changes on writing software like Microsoft Word or Google Docs? There is no right or wrong, but finding your best preference and consistently re peating it through each read-through is essentially. Personally, I loved the good, old-fashioned pen and paper for my self-editing. I find it easier to read out loud from a paper than a screen. It also allowed me to easily keep track of all my edits and revisions with a pen.You can do the same, though, with track changes like in the example below.Printing out your manuscript and/or working with track changes is essential to the self-editing phase.After each read-through, make the changes in your official manuscript, so they are present for the next read-through. Then repeat the process.For all the read-throughs, I would print out a new copy of my book.NOTE: To save paper, reprint on the back of the previous manuscript.Self-Edit One Chapter at a TimeMost self-published authors have other jobs. If not, they still likely have very busy lives because everyone does. That probably makes performing an entire read-through for the whole book in one sitting very unlikely.However, there are ad vantages to self-editing the whole book in one read-through during a single day.Pros to read-throughs in one sitting:Easier to receive entire pictureRepeated phrases and words can be more apparentReading it as the fans wouldReading the entire manuscript together for chapter and sentence structure is a good idea because it’s easier to get the entire picture of how the book fits together.It’s also easier to pick out repeated phrases and words. If you wait several days between reading the first and final chapter for structure, you may not realize you repeat yourself too much or that you have the exact same sentence in two places.The readers that never put your book down may experience it in an entirely different way than you did if you never performed an entire book read-through in one sitting.Cons to read-throughs in one sitting:General tirednessGrammar and spelling edits may sufferThreat of rushing through itThere are plenty of advantages to only re-reading a chapter at a time as well. For one, going through an entire read-through in one sitting can take hours and is very tiring. In the last few chapters, you might not be as sharp at catching errors as you were at the beginning of the process because of fatigue.All self-editing can be tedious, but checking for grammar, spelling and punctuation is particularly banal. It’s even harder when tired.Furthermore, if the goal is to get through the entire book with one read-through in one sitting, but you only have a set amount of time to do it, there’s a distinct possibility that you will rush. That’s not a good thing either.TIP: Try both techniques to see which self-editing works for you.The one-sitting read-through is better suited for when checking for structure. It’s better to read one chapter at a time while editing for grammar and spelling.If your book is truly too long for a read-through in one sitting, then don’t worry about it. More than likely, that means reade rs won’t be reading it all the way through at a time either.Are you ready to start your self-editing TODAY?Again, the self-editing stage is one of the most mundane aspects of publishing a book. At times, it can be flat-out exhausting with no end in sight. It’s very tempting to just give up and hand the manuscript to an editor.But before editor begins their work on your manuscript, self-editing can take your book to the next level. A full commitment in this stage can make all the difference in the quality of your manuscript.If youre ready to start (finish) and publish your book, check out this free training by Chandler Bolt!

The History of Sex Discrimination Legislation in the US

The History of Sex Discrimination Legislation in the US The United States Constitution did not mention women or limit any of its rights or privileges to males. The word persons was used, which sounds gender neutral. However, common law, inherited from British precedents, informed the interpretation of the law. And many state laws were not gender-neutral. While right after the Constitution was adopted, New Jersey accepted voting rights for women, even those had been lost by a bill in 1807 that rescinded the right of both women and black men to vote in that state. The principle of coverture prevailed at the time the Constitution was written and adopted: a married woman was simply not a person under the law; her legal existence was bound up with that of her husbands. Dower rights, meant to protect a widows income during her lifetime, were already being ignored increasingly, and so women were in the tough position of not having significant rights to own property, while the convention of dower that had protected them under that system was collapsing. Beginning in the 1840s, womens rights advocates began working to establish legal and political equality for women in some of the states. Property rights of women were among the first targets. But these did not affect the federal constitutional rights of women. Not yet. 1868: Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution The first major constitutional change to affect womens rights was the Fourteenth Amendment. This amendment was designed to overturn the Dred Scott decision, which found that black people had no rights which the white man was bound to respect, and to clarify other citizenship rights after the American Civil War had ended. The primary effect was to ensure that freed slaves and other African Americans had full citizenship rights. But the amendment also included the word male in connection with voting, and the womens rights movement split over whether to support the amendment because it established racial equality in voting, or oppose it because it was the first explicit federal denial that women had voting rights. 1873: Bradwell v. Illinois Myra Bradwell claimed the right to practice law as part of the 14th Amendments protections. The Supreme Court found that the right to choose ones profession was not a protected right and that womens paramount destiny and mission was the offices of wife and mother. Women could be legally excluded from the practice of law, the Supreme Court found, using a separate spheres argument. 1875: Minor v. Happerset The suffrage movement decided to use the Fourteenth Amendment, even with that mention of male, to justify women voting. A number of women in 1872 attempted to vote in a federal election; Susan B. Anthony was arrested and convicted for doing so. A Missouri woman, Virginia Minor, also challenged the law. The registrars action forbidding her from voting was the basis for yet another case to reach the Supreme Court (her husband had to file the lawsuit, as coverture laws forbid her as a married woman from filing on her own behalf). In their decision in  Minor v. Happerset, the Court found that while women were indeed citizens, voting was not one of the privileges and immunities of citizenship and thus states could deny women the right to vote. 1894: In re Lockwood Belva Lockwood filed a lawsuit to force Virginia to allow her to practice law. She was already a member of the bar in the District of Columbia. But the Supreme Court found that it was acceptable to read the word citizens in the 14th Amendment to include only male citizens. 1903: Muller v. Oregon Thwarted in legal cases claiming womens full equality as citizens, womens rights and labor rights workers filed the Brandeis Brief in the case of Muller v. Oregon. The claim was that womens special status as wives and mothers, especially as mothers, required that they be given special protection as workers. The Supreme Court had been reluctant to allow legislatures to interfere with contract rights of employers by permitting limits on hours or minimum wage requirements; however, in this case, the Supreme Court looked at evidence of working conditions and permit special protections for women in the workplace. Louis Brandeis, himself later appointed to the Supreme Court, was the lawyer for the case promoting protective legislation for women; the Brandeis brief was prepared primarily by his sister-in-law Josephine Goldmark and by reformer Florence Kelley. 1920: Nineteenth Amendment Women were granted the right to vote by the 19th Amendment, passed by Congress in 1919 and ratified by enough states in 1920 to take effect. 1923: Adkins v. Childrens Hospital In 1923, the Supreme Court decided that federal minimum wage legislation applying to women infringed on the liberty of contract and thus on the Fifth Amendment. Muller v. Oregon was not overturned, however. 1923: Equal Rights Amendment Introduced Alice Paul wrote a proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution to require equal rights for men and women. She named the proposed amendment for suffrage pioneer Lucretia Mott. When she reworded the amendment in the 1940s, it came to be called the Alice Paul amendment. It did not pass the Congress until 1972. 1938: West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish This decision by the Supreme Court, overturning Adkins v. Childrens Hospital, upheld Washington States minimum wage legislation, opening the door again for protective labor legislation applying to women or men. 1948: Goesaert v. Cleary In this case, the Supreme Court found valid a state statute prohibiting most women (other than wives or daughters of male tavern keepers) from serving or selling liquor. 1961: Hoyt v. Florida The Supreme Court heard this case challenging a conviction on the basis that the female defendant faced an all-male jury because jury duty was not mandatory for women. The Supreme Court denied that the state statute exempting women from jury duty was discriminatory, finding that women needed protection from the atmosphere of the courtroom and that it was reasonable to assume that women were needed in the home. 1971: Reed v. Reed In  Reed v. Reed, the U.S. Supreme Court heard a case where state law preferred males to females as administrators of an estate. In this case, unlike many earlier cases, the Court held that the 14th Amendments equal protection clause applied to women equally. 1972: Equal Rights Amendment Passes Congress In 1972, the US Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment, sending it to the states. The Congress appended a requirement that the amendment be ratified within seven years, later extended to 1982, but only 35 of the requisite states ratified it during that period. Some legal scholars challenge the deadline, and by that assessment, the ERA is still alive to be ratified by three more states. 1973: Frontiero v. Richardson In the case of  Frontiero v. Richardson, the Supreme Court found that the military could not have different criteria for male spouses of military members in deciding eligibility for benefits, violating the Fifth Amendments Due Process Clause. The court also signaled that it would be using more scrutiny in the future in looking at sex distinctions in the law- not quite strict scrutiny, which did not get majority support among the justices in the case. 1974: Geduldig v. Aiello Geduldig v. Aiello looked at a states disability insurance system which excluded temporary absences from work due to pregnancy disability and found that normal pregnancies did not have to be covered by the system. 1975: Stanton v. Stanton In this case, the Supreme Court threw out distinctions in the age at which girls and boys were entitled to child support. 1976: Planned Parenthood v. Danforth The Supreme Court found that spousal consent laws (in this case, in the third trimester) were unconstitutional because the pregnant womans rights were more compelling than her husbands. The Court did uphold that regulations requiring the womans full and informed consent were constitutional. 1976: Craig. v. Boren In  Craig v. Boren, the court threw out a law which treated men and women differently in setting a drinking age. The case is also noted for setting out the new standard of judicial review in cases involving sex discrimination, intermediate scrutiny. 1979: Orr v. Orr In Orr v. Orr, the Court held that alimony laws applied equally to women and men and that the means of the partner were to be considered, not merely their sex. 1981: Rostker v. Goldberg In this case, the Court applied equal protection analysis to examine whether male-only registration for the Selective Service violated the due process clause.  By a six to three decision, the Court applied the heightened scrutiny standard of  Craig v. Boren  to find that military readiness and appropriate use of resources justified the sex-based classifications. The court did not challenge the exclusion of women from combat and the role of women in the armed forces in making their decision. 1987: Rotary International v. Rotary Club of Duarte In this case, the Supreme Court weighed a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"States efforts to eliminate gender-based discrimination against its citizens and the constitutional freedom of association asserted by members of a private organization.† A unanimous decision by the court, with a decision written by Justice Brennan, found unanimously that the message of the organization would not be changed by admitting women, and therefore, by the strict scrutiny test, the interest of the state overrode a claim to a First Amendment right of freedom of association and freedom of speech.

Abortion controversy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abortion controversy - Essay Example On the other hand, abortion that is recommended by the physician is usually meant to save the pregnant woman from the dangers she might be exposed to as a result of the pregnancy. In the philosophical perspective, abortion is evaluated on the moral status of the fetus. Despite the fetus having a moral right to life, it develops in the body of another person and therefore infringes the rights of that person to be free, especially in cases of pregnancy complications. Nevertheless, the fetus does not force itself in the womb. Rather, it develops through a conscious sexual act and therefore has a right to develop inside the body. These arguments generate controversy with regard to the right of a woman for self-determination. Some people support abortion on the basis of health and individual rights, others do not support on moral grounds and religion. In some countries such as the US, abortion is legal while in others especially in the Muslim society, it is illegal. Arguments for Abortion (Example US and UK) The US Supreme Court allowed abortion in 1973 on the bases that a woman has a right to self-determination. It is upon the discretion of the mother to decide whether to carry out an abortion or not. The American culture respects the rights of individuals as rational beings that are able to make rational decisions. For example, it is not considered to an abomination for a woman to terminate an unwanted pregnancy that hampers her productivity in the society (Austin 12). The Abortion Act of 1967 legalized abortion in the UK. It stated that if the abortion is recommended by a medical practitioner in good faith, then it is legal. Although amendments have been made to specify the gestation ceiling at which abortion can be procured, greater reference is made to the law developed in 1967. The UK culture has mixed opinions regarding abortion. However, pro-abortion has an upper hand and some abortion clinics even advertise on television and print media. Most of the familie s in the UK and the US are okay with abortion, and it is mostly left for the woman to decide whether to complete or terminate the pregnancy (Berglund 6). Arguments against Abortion (Example Iran) From a moral stand point, abortion is an unacceptable practice since it terminates the life of a fetus thereby denying it the right to live, considering that if allowed to grow it will develop in to a human being just like the mother and father. It is a practice that should be illegal in Iran where it is currently restricted by the law. In 2005, a bill was passed to legalize abortion on the basis of fetal abnormalities or if it endangers the life of the mother. The mother’s consent with the approval of three registered physicians is enough to secure approval by a legal medicine center. However, the law requires the legal abortion to be procured before 19 weeks of gestation (Mohammad & Masoumeh 191). Kant’s Deontology Theory Kant’s deontology theory portrays good will as a significant component of people’s actions. According to this theory, the reason why people act in a particular manner substantiates whether an individual’s action has moral worth. He observes that there is a notable distinction between actions that are morally right and morally wrong. According to this theory, abortion that is procured through good will is morally right. For example, morally good actions include a situation whereby a qualified physician recommends an abortion to protect the life of the mother (Strawson 27). On the other hand, a mother who procures an abortion to enable her to undertake greater tasks in the workplace or to look better is in pursuit of personal interests at the expense of the